修饰物的定语从句

引导语：修饰物的定语从句是怎样？下面由小编告诉你们吧，欢迎阅读！

修饰物的定语从句

在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.

引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whose,whom,which,that,as;

引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why;

关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.

关系副词在定语从句中做状语.

一.由who,引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),

修饰表示人的先行词.例如:

thisisthemanwhohelpedme.

doyouknowtheradewhospokejustnow?

theboywho//whomwesawyesterdayisjohn’sbrother.

二.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,

口语中可以省略.

thedoctor(whom)youarelookingforisintheroom.

theperson(whom)youjusttalkedtoismr.li.

=thepersontowhomyoujusttalkedismr.li.(介词后whom不能省略)

thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingforareveryhealthy.

(固定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后)

三.whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.

doyouknowthewomanwhosenameismary.

passmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.

四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,

作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.

theletter(that//which)ireceivedwasfrommyfather.

ican’tfindtheletterthat//whichcamethismorning.

doyoustillrememberthedays(that//which)wespenttogether?

thisisthemanthat//whohelpedme.

thehouse(that//which)weliveinisnotlarge.

=thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.

thedoctor(that//whom//who)youarelookingforisintheroom.

五.which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,

修饰表示物的先行词.先行词可以是词、短语、句子.

thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.

thebuildingwhich//thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.

theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)

thehouse(which/that)weliveinisnotlarge.

thisisthewatch(which/that)hewaslookingfor.

(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前)

六、that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词,但是下列情况只能用that.

①.先行词为不定冠词all,few,little,much,everything,nothing等.

all(that)youhavetodoistopractiseeveryday.

thereisn’tmuch(that)icando.

②.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.

thefirstlesson(that)ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.

thisisthebestfilm(that)ihaveeverseen.

③.先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代词修饰时.

ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.

④.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时.

thewhitefloweristheonlyonethatireallylike.

thisistheverybookthatiwanttoread.

thisisthesamebookthatiwanttoread.(同一本书)

----thisisthesamebookasiwanttoread.

⑤.当主句以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that引导.

whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?

whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesn’tknowthis?

⑥先行词既有人又有物时.

wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwecouldremember.

⑦time做先行词,前面如果有序数词或last来修饰时,定语从句用that来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或last来修饰时,既可用when也可用that来引导.

thisisthelasttime(that)ishallgiveyoualesson.

thefirsttime(that)isawhimwasin1972.

it’stime(that)wegotup.

七、as引导的定语从句,

as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定*定语从句,在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语,常与thesame…as;such…as,so…as,as…as连用.

ilikethesamebookasyoudo.

iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.

ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.

heisthesameageasyou(are).

hewillgiveyousuchinformationaswillhelpyou.

suchstudentsasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.

=studentssuchasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.

在thesame…后也可用that引导定语从句,但意义有所不同：

that引出的定语从句,指的是与先行词同一事物；而as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物.

iwanttousethesametoolthatiusedyesterday.

iwanttousethesametoolasiusedyesterday.

八、由when引导的定语从句,修饰表示时间的先行词,when为关系副词,

做定语从句的时间状语.

istillrememberthedaywhenifirstcametobeijing.

istillrememberthedayonwhichifirstcametobeijing.

(介词＋which可以代替when)

i’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

[irememberthedayswhich//thatwespenttogether.]

九、由where引导的定语从句,修饰表示地点的先行词,where为关系副词,

做定语从句的地点状语.

thisistheplacewherewelivedforfiveyears.

thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

(介词＋which可以代替where)

[thisisaplacewhich//thatiwantedtovisit.]

十、why引导的定语从句,why做原因状语.

iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.

thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill.

非限定*定语从句

1.who指人,做主语.

yesterdayimetliping,whoseemedtobeverybusy.

2.whom指人,作宾语.

hehadmanyfriends,manyofwhomhadbeenintheuniversities.

3.whose指人,作定语.

thechairman’sdaughter,whosenameisann,gavetomasmile.

4.which指物,做主语,宾语.

hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.

thespeech,whichhehadwrittenonthepaper,seemedendless.

5.where指地点,作状语.

galileolivedinthecityofpisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.

6.when指时间,作状语.

themeetingwillbeputofftillnextmonth,whenwewillhavemadeallthepreparations.

7.as做主语,表语,宾语;先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.

toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.

asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.

as引导的定语从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情况下已经

构成固定搭配.

aseverybodycanseeaswasusual

ascanbeseenasiexpected

asisknowntoall,asmaybeimagined

asyouknowasisexpected

ashasbeensaidbeforeasisreported

asisoftensaidasisannounced

限定*定语从句和非限定*定语从句的区别：

限定*定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义.这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开.

非限定*定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思依然清楚.这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that引导.

as和which引导的非限定*定语从句的比较：

1.非限定*定语从句位于句未,而且as和which在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时可互换.

heisafarmer,as/whichisclearfromhismanner.

thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whichanybodycansee.

2.which引导的非限定*定语从句一般放在句未,而as引导的非限定*定语从句可放在句未,也可放在句中、句首.放在句首时不能用which替换.

crusoelosthisdog,whichmadehimverysad

taiwanispartofchina,as/whichisknowntoall.

aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.

3.as引导非限定*定语从句时,意为“这一点、这件事”,常与see,hope,expect,know,guess等动词搭配；而which引导非限定*定语从句时与主句有一种因果关系,可译为“所以……”.

cyprus,asyouallknow,isinthemediterranean.

bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.

4.as引导非限定*定语从句并在从句中作主语时,其后面的谓语动词大多数必须是连系动词.如果从句谓语动词是行为动词,则必须用which.

hemarriedher,aswasnatural.

sherefusedtotakethemedicine,whichmadehermotherangry.

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